A Retrospective On The Genomics Craze

From Derek Lowe….

Well. . .not as right as you’d think. The big splash of cold water, at least as I remember it, was when the Human Genome Project folks announced the total number of human genes, and it came in way below what some people had been estimating – like, ten times less. If you added up all the genes that people had claimed to have filed applications on up until then, it was well in excess of the number of genes that turned out to actually exist. This embarrassing patent excess was one problem (some of which could be explained by multiple filings by different companies), but the unexpectedly small number was the other one, and the more worrisome. How could there be so few genes when we knew there there were a lot more proteins than that? And so the importance of post-translational processes finally began to be appreciated by a wider public. It wasn’t “one gene, one protein” – it was “one gene, a bunch of proteins, and we’re not sure quite how or quite how many”.

Another set of problems came on a bit more slowly. The companies that did the whopper genomic deals came to realize that (1) even 50,000 genes was rather a lot, when you had no idea what most of them did, what pathways they fit into, what diseases they might be associated with, and what might possibly happen if you found a compound that affected their associated proteins, and (2) it didn’t look as if we were going to even get a chance to find out about that last part, because most of these things came up empty when you screened against them anyway. These were (and are) all major problems. We still have only fuzzy ideas of what a lot of genes actually do, and we still have a terrible time finding useful chemical hits against a lot of our new targets – more on these later; they’re perennial topics around here.

The whole thing is worth reading. I was happy to find out that most of those companies who rushed to patent human genes are likely to get nothing for their pains. I still think that it sets a dangerous precedent though.

Point and Counter Point

Over at Abu Muqawama’s blog, Abu Muqawama and Gian Gentile got into a little argument over whether the army is becoming so involved in counterinsurgency that it is losing its ability to fight real wars. They also have differences on whether current counter insurgency doctrine is all that it is cracked up to be or not.

The real meat of the discussion took place in the comment section because Abu Muqawama comment section has been doing most of the heavy lifting lately.

Originally, I was not going to link to this argument because it is rather nerdy and I did not think anyone other than myself would be interested. But towards the end of the discussion a new commentator joined the fray who calls himself Looking Glass. I think his words are worth reading even for people who only have a general interest in what is going on over in Afghanistan.

If you don’t have time to read the whole thread, you can read what Looking Glass said here, here, and here.

The talk is jargon heavy, but it is based on real experience as Looking Glass’s last comment makes clear. More importantly, it is well argued.

I certainly had more sympathy for Gian Gentile’s viewpoint before reading Looking Glass’s comments than I do now. More to the point, I think I have a better appreciation for what is going wrong in Afghanistan. Especially after reading Looking Glass’s last comment.

The General At Fort Drum Has A Blog

The Major General at Fort Drum recently started his own blog. This is an extraordinary rare thing for a General to have (I think he is the only General with a blog in the army, but a I could be wrong). In fact, the military has taken to discouraging its officers from having blogs. In this case Mike Oates (the general in question) seems to have decided to go against the trend.

His blog is not about expressing his opinion, but about getting feedback from his subordinates. Each blog post is a question for people to sound off on. At first it does not seem that many people took him up on the opportunity. But more and more people seem to feel comfortable spouting off. For example, take a look at this post regarding why many people do/do not want to be stationed in the Fort Drum area. Or this one about allowing civilian air traffic to take off from Fort Drum.

It is interesting to read about the issues that get the people in uniform worked up.

Misery Loves Company

From the AP….

Alabama was colder than Alaska, water fountains froze into ice sculptures in South Carolina and Florida shivered through a brush of Arctic air blast that deadened car batteries in the Northeast and prompted scattered Midwest power outages.

As Southerners awaited an expected weekend thaw, the Northeast persisted under the bitterly cold air from Canada that sent temperatures plunging in some places below minus 30 degrees and left even longtime residents reluctant to venture outdoors.

Good thing heating oil prices have dropped so much or people would really be hurting.

Being in the I.C.U is not good for you

From The New York Times…

For years, doctors thought they had done their jobs if patients came out of an intensive care unit alive.

Now, though, researchers say they are alarmed by what they are finding as they track patients for months or years after an I.C.U. stay. Patients, even young ones, can be weak for years. Some have difficulty thinking and concentrating or have post-traumatic stress disorder and terrible memories of nightmares they had while heavily sedated.

While patients may be suffering lingering effects from illnesses that landed them in the I.C.U., researchers are increasingly convinced that spending days, weeks or months on life support in the units can elicit unexpected, long-lasting effects.

So now some I.C.U.’s are trying what seems like a radical solution: reducing sedation levels and getting patients up and walking even though they are gravely ill, complete with feeding tubes, intravenous lines and tethers to ventilators.

The whole article is interesting in a “No Duh” sort of way.

They Wash Their Hands But Their Scrubs Are Dirty

From the Wall Street Journal…..

You see them everywhere — nurses, doctors and medical technicians in scrubs or lab coats. They shop in them, take buses and trains in them, go to restaurants in them, and wear them home. What you can’t see on these garments are the bacteria that could kill you.

Dirty scrubs spread bacteria to patients in the hospital and allow hospital superbugs to escape into public places such as restaurants. Some hospitals now prohibit wearing scrubs outside the building, partly in response to the rapid increase in an infection called “C. diff.” A national hospital survey released last November warns that Clostridium difficile (C. diff) infections are sickening nearly half a million people a year in the U.S., more than six times previous estimates.

I never stopped to think about this issue before. But it does seem like doctors and nurses are awful lax about how they treat their scrubs.

The Grid Is Going To Fail

From Fox News….

Damage to power grids and other communications systems could be catastrophic, the scientists conclude, with effects leading to a potential loss of governmental control of the situation.

The prediction is based in part on a major solar storm in 1859 that caused telegraph wires to short out in the United States and Europe, igniting widespread fires.

It was perhaps the worst in the past 200 years, according to the new study, and with the advent of modern power grids and satellites, much more is at risk.

“A contemporary repetition of the [1859] event would cause significantly more extensive (and possibly catastrophic) social and economic disruptions,” the researchers conclude.

Murphy’s law says that what can go wrong will go wrong. In other words, since the grid can go down, it is a mathematical certainty that it will go down given enough time.

Granted, it is theoretically possible that we could make the grid immune to the solar flare effect before next big storm comes along (whenever that will be). But I think it would be more realistic to count on pigs flying.

Score One For The Made In China Brand

From News-Press.com….

Reid said his research indicates at least some drywall imported from China during the homebuilding boom years of 2004 and 2005 was made with waste materials from scrubbers on coal-fired power plants.

Those materials can leak into the air as gases combine with the moisture on an air conditioning coil to create sulfuric acid, which appears to be dissolving solder joints and copper tubing – creating leaks, blackening the coils and even causing the system to fail, Reid said.

Something Is Wrong With The Little Emperors

From the Telegraph…

China’s horrific pollution has been firmly linked to a staggering increase in birth defects according to a major scientific survey.

The number of Chinese children with birth defects rose by 40 per cent between 2001 and 2006, according to the National Population and Family Planning Commission.

If this is true, that is indeed a staggering increase. But I have to wonder if the increase might also stem from an increased accuracy in statistics. Hard as it is to believe, China has made some improvement in the accuracy of its statistics.